Unit I: Phenomenological Society

Self-Inflicted Violence: is best described as the intentional harm of one's own body without conscious suicidal intent. Most types involve cutting of one's own flesh (usually the arms, hands, or legs), burning one's self, interfering with the healing of wounds, excessive nail biting, pulling out one's own hair, hitting or bruising one's self, and intentionally breaking one's own bones. 

Domestic violence includes physical abuse, verbal abuse, economic abuse and social abuse. Hegarty et al suggest that “domestic violence can be better understood as a chronic syndrome characterised not only by episodes of physical violence but also by the emotional and psychological abuse the perpetrators use to maintain control over their partners

Collective violence are violent conflicts between nations and groups, state and group terrorism, rape as a weapon of war, the movement of large numbers of people displaced from their homes, and gang warfare – all these occur on a daily basis in many parts of the world. The effects of these different types of event on health in terms of deaths, physical illness, disabilities and mental anguish are vast.

The concept of family violence is increasingly being used to draw attention to how each of the sub‐types of family violence may cause or be a risk factor for the other subtypes, and how there may be common underlying risk factors at the levels of the family and the relationship between the family and the wider community and society. 

Bullying within a workplace may involve threats to professional status, threats to personal standing, isolation, overwork and destabilisation. Within the health care professions, ambulance workers, nurses and workers with substantial face‐to‐face contact are particularly vulnerable to bullying