Subsidios al campo como instrumentos de política económica en México

Abstract

On the annual budget of SAGARPA two programs of compensatory effects on Mexican agriculture are of paramount importance: PROCAMPO and ASERCA. Both of them are oriented to protect rural farmers and represent up to 56% of total expenses. ALIANZA PARA EL CAMPO, a group of programs that try to raise productivity through subsidies in investment on rural agricultural production such as education, research and technology transfers and has almost 15% of total budget. Empirical evidence is still poor to say that agricultural policies have been good enough to improve Mexican interchange of commodities. However, it can be established that agricultural sector have changed negative tendencies of growth in percapita product and on technological change of labor that were present from 1980 to 1994 to positive tendencies from 1995 to 2014. It can be observed that in the second period the marginal productivity was raised and because of this the value of production was improved also while in the first period the levels of production were explained basically because of yields. So, it can be established that there has been economical policies, support programs and economic phenomena that have changed such tendencies in order to improve production and productivity.