Sensibilidad de cultivares sobresalientes de gladiolo a enfermedades prevalentes de la zona de Jiquipilco

Abstract

Botrytis spp. is one of the main fungal pathogens that attacks different ornamental plants in the field, and especially, in the postharvest period. The main control method is using active ingredients of synthetic origin. One of the alternatives included in integrated disease management is the use of resistant varieties obtained by any of the genetic improvement methods. However, among ornamentals, resistant varieties and genetic improvement programs are limited. In the case of gladiolus, there has been very little genetic improvement in Mexico. Currently, in the improvement program of the Autonomous University of Mexico State (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México), we have obtained five genotypes with outstanding floral characteristics, which are fourth-generation descendants irradiated blanca borrega variety corms, whose respose to pathogens like Botrytis have yet to be evaluated. With the aim of evaluating the degree of resistance of these five genotypes to Botrytis spp., which was a prevalent disease in the locality of Jiquipilco during the PV2024 cycle, we established an open field trial under a completely randomized block design. We evaluated the degree of resistance considering the parameters of incidence and severity. The incidence was evaluated at the end of the trial by determining the number of diseased plants with respect to the total plants. Severity was evaluated every fifteen days on an arbitrary scale with six classes, considering the third and fourth leaf of each plant. With the data obtained, we quantified the area under the disease progress curve using the program R. The results indicated that the blanco 50 genotype expressed the least leaf damage and had the smallest area under the curve, followed by blanco 70. On the contrary, the genotypes that expressed the highest severity and area under the curve were the control and T60 genotypes.