Biodegradación de betalactámicos en medio acuoso mediante un bioreactor con bacterias aisladas de agua residual de un hospital y su monitoreo por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución

Abstract

Bioremediation is the process by which microorganisms absorb or degrade pollutants, thus cleaning their environment, and helping nature to overcome an imbalance and in the best of cases to recover a damaged ecosystem. Which makes it an important alternative to deal with the so-called emerging pollutants (drugs), which are found in significant concentrations in the environment, and conventional techniques such as filtration, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, fenton and photo-fenton are not capable to completely eliminate the drugs or the presence of by-products is reported, which sometimes tend to be more toxic than the initial ones. In addition to the above, it is considered that hospital wastewater is one of the main sources of contamination, containing considerable amounts of various drugs, which are not completely eliminated by wastewater treatment plants. Which can act as reservoirs and environmental providers of resistance to antibiotics when flowing into surface water bodies. Based on the above and due to the fact that free-living bacteria have a great capacity to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions, the present work aims to evaluate the degradation of penicillin G, ceftriaxone and dicloxacillin with free-living bacteria, these three Antibiotics are the most used in the Hospital Adolfo López Mateos of the State of Mexico, for this there were used the degrading strains of penicillin, which were isolated from the wastewater of a hospital in the State of Mexico in 2016. Six phenotypically different colonies were used which were identified as: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, two strains of Escherichia coli and two of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined for each one, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most resistant to the three antibiotics.