Distribución Espacial de Uromyces viciae-fabae L. y Rhizoctonia solani Kühn en el cultivo de Haba (Vicia faba L.) en 3 localidades del Estado de México.

Abstract

Rust and root wilt are diseases usually present in broad bean cultivation in the different regions of Mexico where it is produced. Its control has focused mainly on the use of products of synthetic origin and the abandonment of orchards, which has caused a smaller number of producers dedicated to cultivating the land. A prerequisite for directed or focused pest management is knowledge of the spatio-temporal location where a disease develops within the plot, at the epidemiological moment when the pathogen is most susceptible. The development and expression of a disease originates from the intimate relationship established between its different components in the so-called disease triangle, which are the interaction of a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and a favorable environment. A change in the environment of a production system can alter the geographical distribution in a plot or in a region, as well as the timing of phytosanitary problems, and the appearance of infectious diseases where they were previously unknown. The objective of this work was to know the spatial distribution and its modeling to which rust, and root wilt were adjusted in broad bean cultivation, to create management strategies towards precision agriculture. The objective of this work was to know the spatial distribution and its modeling to which rust, and root wilt were adjusted in broad bean cultivation, to create management strategies towards precision agriculture. This project was established in the spring-summer 2021 cycle in three locations in the State of Mexico (Zinacantepec, Toluca and Calimaya). In each one, constant monitoring was carried out every 15 days from the sowing date, 121 reference points were taken in 3 commercial plots with an extension of one hectare, and they were subsequently subjected to a statistical analysis with the "R" software. Seven mathematical models were evaluated, and semivariograms were calculated to obtain the nugget, plateau, and range values, to establish a statistical model that would explain the behavior of rust and root wilt over time. Validation of each model was carried out by cross-validation of the parameters of each adjusted model, and the interpolation technique was carried out to select the kriging with the least statistical error, which allowed generating dispersion maps based on the level of spatial dependence; These maps were made with the Surfer 14.0 program to be able to appreciate the distribution of both diseases, and to serve as a basis for generating an integrated and precise management of the disease.