17-Alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an estrogen derived from estradiol (E2). This compound and is one of the most widely used drugs both in humans and animals. Numerous studies have reported the ability of EE2 to alter sex ...

Sucralose (SUC) is the most consumed artificial sweetener worldwide, not metabolized by the human body, and barely eliminated from water in wastewater treatment plants. Although different studies have reported high ...

Currently one of the problems facing global development is the availability of water. Although water is abundant the planet only a small portion is for human use and consumption. The problem is exacerbated due to different ...

In recent years, the consumption of metformin has increased not only due to the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes, but also due to their usage for other indications such as cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome. Consequently, ...

Several studies have indicated that hospital effluents can produce genotoxic and mutagenic effects, cytotoxicity, hematological and histological alterations, embryotoxicity, and oxidative stress in diverse water organisms, ...

Metformin (MET) is among the most consumed drugs around the world, and thus, it is considered the uppermost drug in mass discharged into water settings. Nonetheless, data about the deleterious consequences of MET on water ...

Amoxicillin (AMX) is an antibiotic that has been added to the watch list of substances by the Euro- pean Union, through the Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and its daughter regulation (Deci- sion 2018/840) for ...

Fluoxetine (FLX) is a psychoactive drug that acts as an antidepressant. FLX is one of the world's best-selling pre- scription antidepressants. FLX is widely used for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. For these ...

Fluoxetine (FLX) exerts its therapeutic effect by inhibiting the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Nonetheless, at high concentrations of this drug, adverse effects occur in the brain of exposed or- ...

Caffeine (CAF) is an alkaloid, which acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant drug. In recent years, CAF has been recurrently detected in water bodies, generating deleterious effects in aquatic organisms. The ...