Resumen:
Currently, different countries’ policies
prohibit the use of synthetic antibiotics in animal
production. As a consequence, researchers have been
looking for sources of these molecules in plants,
vegetables, and agro-industrial waste in order to
inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Listeria and control livestock health. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the leaves of
three different plants- Avocado (Persea americana Mill) Hass variety, guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Calvillo variety, and cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera
Ehrh) Pissardii variety, at three different ethanol:water
ratios (20:80, 50:50, and 80:20 volume/volume) were
analyzed. Total phenols in the extracts were quantified
by the Folin-Ciocalteu Method and the inhibitory
spectrum test against Gram?: Listeria monocytogenes
ATCC 19115, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 662, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Gram-: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica serotipo
Enteriditis ATCC 13076, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. using the agar well-diffusion method.
The highest phenol content and antioxidant capacity
were found in the guava leaf extract at 50:50
(111.7 ± 8.8 EAG mg/mL dry matter, 450 ± 3 lM
TE/g dry matter), and this was the only extract that
showed total inhibitory spectrum activity for all the
microorganisms evaluated among the extracts tested,
with a range of 0.62–1.25 mg/mL minimal inhibitory
capacity (MIC). A hydroalcoholic extract of guava
leaves had strong antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic microorganisms and could be considered as a potential alternative to synthetic
antibiotics for use in animal production.