The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in various industries has experienced significant growth due to the advantages they offer, so the increase in their use has generated the continuous discharge of these products in numerous ...

Penicillin, metformin, and aluminum are commonly used substances and their presence in the environment has increased due to their wide- spread use. In water bodies, the combined presence of xenobiotics leads to additive, ...

One of the most important causes of disease and premature death in the world is environmental pollution. The presence of pollutants in both water and air contributes to the deterioration of the health of human populations. ...

Aluminum, mercury, and iron have been found in high concentrations in various freshwater bodies around the world and have been shown to be very harmful contaminants to hydrobionts, causing metabolic dysfunction and damage ...